HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

Basic Facts

Genital HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) the is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).

HPV is NOT the same as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) or herpes (herpes simplex virus). While these are all viruses that can be transmitted sexually- HIV and HSV do not cause the same symptoms or health problems as HPV.

Sexually transmitted HPV can infect the genital area of men and women, including the skin of the penis, vulva (area outside of the vagina), or anus, and the linings of the vagina, cervix, or rectum.

50% of sexually active adults will have HPV at some time in their lives.

Most people who become infected with HPV will not have any symptoms but will still be able to transmit the virus to a sex partner.

A person can have HPV for months or years before it is found or causes health problems, so HPV should not be seen as a sign that you or your partner is having sex outside of your relationship.

HPV usually goes away on its own, without causing any health problems. However in some cases, HPV can lead to serious health problems. Please see the “risks” section of HPV for more information.

If some has visible symptoms of genital warts, he or she should not engage in sexual activity until the warts are removed. This may help to lower the risk of giving the virus.

Condoms, used the right way from start to finish each time you have sex may help provide protection, but only for the skin that is covered by the condom. Condoms do not cover all genital skin, so they don’t protect 100%.

Spermicidal foams, creams, jellies (and condoms coated in spermicide) are not proven to be effective in preventing HPV and may cause microscopic abrasions that make it easier to contract STDs. Spermicides are not recommended for routine use.

When someone has HPV, they are not likely to be re-infected if exposed again to the same type. This is probably due to the immune system’s response to the virus. However, it is possible to be infected with a different type of HPV from a new partner.

It is important for partners to understand the “entire picture” about HPV so that both people can make informed decisions based on facts, not fear or misconceptions.

Transmission

Genital HPV is spread by skin to skin contact.

HPV is generally asymptomatic meaning that people don’t usually know they have it.

Risk Factors

In women, HPV is usually diagnosed through an abnormal Pap test, which is the main test doctors use to detect cervical cancer in women.

Some HPV viruses in the “high-risk” categories may lead to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis.

In women, regular Pap testing and careful medical follow-up, with treatment if necessary, can help prevent pre-cancerous findings from developing into life-threatening cervical cancer.

The Pap test used in U.S. cervical cancer screening is responsible for greatly reducing deaths from cervical cancer.

Some HPV viruses are “low-risk” types, and may cause mild Pap abnormalities or genital warts.

Genital warts are in the “low-risk” category and are single or multiple growths or bumps that appear in the genital area, and are sometimes cauliflower shaped.

Genital warts will not turn into cancer.

Some people may choose to have genital warts removed if they cause itching, burning or discomfort. If you choose to have genital warts removed, DO NOT use over the counter wart remover. There are special treatments for genital warts. Your doctor may use a chemical to remove the warts in the doctor’s office, or may prescribe a cream to be applied at home. Surgical treatments for genital wart removal are also available.

Currently, there is no test for HPV in men, and the risk of health problems in men who have HPV is rare.

Men with healthy immune systems rarely develop health problems from HPV, But you should check regularly for any abnormalities on your penis. If you have a weak immune system or HIV, ask your doctor about checking for anal and penile cancers.

Prevention

Not having sex with anyone.

A long-term, faithful relationship with an uninfected partner is the best way to reduce your risk of future genital HPV infections. People who have many sex partners are at higher risk of getting other STDs.

Reducing the number of sexual partners and choosing a partner less likely to be infected may reduce the risk of genital HPV infection.

If you are between 9 and 26 years old; GET VACCINATED. There is a vaccine for females, Gardasil®, which protects against four HPV, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. Since this vaccine appears to be most effective for females who are not yet sexually active. For more information about this vaccine, contact your health provider or local family planning or public health office.